2013年英语六级考试翻译备考知识之虚拟语气
2013-11-27 21:53:26 | 编辑:环球博海四六级  来自:网络编辑整理 
导读:环球博海四六级小编特整理了2013年英语六级考试翻译备考知识之虚拟语气,供广大考生学习!

  从2013年12月份,完形填空将不再出现,取而代之的是经过加长版本的短句翻译,过去的翻译只考百分之五十五,现在的要求是需要各位同学做到的是,将一篇完整的小文章,中文翻成英文的形式,难度却有所增加,环球博海四六级小编特整理了2013年英语六级考试翻译备考知识之虚拟语气,供广大考生学习!

  虚拟语气:与事实相反的

  一、 if从句: 即 主句……, if 从句……

  1、倒装代替if从句:Had\Were\Should ……,主句……

  2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if从句, 两个都是介词

  But for \without + 名词 ,主句……

  3、with + 名词 ,主句 ……

  4、if only + (if 从句) 要是……该多好

  二、宾语从句:

  1、I suggest(表示命令;建议;请求) that …… shoule +do……

  (在虚拟语气中,shoule have done = ought to have done,其他时候should 不等于ought to)

  2、I wish that ……(用虚拟语气)

  三、主语从句:

  1、it is +adj\n that + 虚拟

  2、it is +done(表示建议、要求)that + 虚拟

  四、目的状语:

  Lest或者for fear that + (虚拟语气)should do

  五、隐藏虚拟语气:本打算做但结果没有做的

  1、had hoped\intended\planned\expected\wanted\meant to do

  2、hoped to have done

  3、be(was\were) + to have done

  4、would\should like to have done

  Would have done 表意愿、将来

  Should have done 竟然做了、本应该做的

  Could have done 有能力做

  Might have done 表示猜测

  Need have done 本来需要做的却没有做

  六、主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气

  有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如:

  1. 从句表示过去,主句表示将来:

  ⑴、 If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

  ⑵、 If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。

  2. 从句表示将来,主句表示过去:

  ⑴、 If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.

  3.从句表示将来,主句表示现在:

  ⑴、 If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.

  4.从句表示过去,主句表示现在。

  ⑴、 If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

  ⑵、 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.

  6.从句表示现在,主句表示过去

  ⑴、 If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你,我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 (从句说明现在,主句说明过去。 )

  7.从句表示过去,主句表示过去和现在

  ⑴、 If you hadn't lent me some money, I couldn't have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.

  在不少情况下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。

  (1) You wouldn't know. 你不会知道。

  (2) I would like to come. 我愿意来。

  (3) I wouldn't have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。

  (4) He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细,简直就象他亲眼看见一样。

  条件从句中省略 if 采用倒装语序的情况

  在 if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、 be或 have的虚拟条件句中的连词 if 省去,而将 had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。

  1). 原句: If she were younger, she would do it.

  去 If: Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词 were移到主语 she的前面 )

  2). 原句: If he had tried it, he could have done it.

  去 If: Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把 had移到主语 he的前面 )

  3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.

  4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.

  5).Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that.

  6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.

  假如我看了那部电影,昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。

  7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.

  假如我是一只小鸟,我就能自由翱翔。

  8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.

  要是下周能下雨的话,农民们就能有个好收成了。

  如果虚拟条件句中有 were, had或 should时,把它们放在 if的位置上 ;但是如果条件句中没有 were, had或 should不能用倒装。

  ⑴ Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话,我们怎么办呢 ?

  ⑵ Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话,我就向他请教了。

  ⑶ Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作,他就会得到一些钱。

  在 "开放式条件句 "和让步状语从句中 should是被省略了的。在这种情况下,如果 if省略,动词 be与主语的位置要倒装。

  ⑴ If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉。 )

  Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.

  ⑵ Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错,我都会支持她的。 )

  Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.

  ⑶ ____ ,I will take her as my wife.

  [A]Were she rich or poor

  [B]Being rich or poor

  [C]Be she poor or rich

  [D]Whether is she poor or rich

  注意:有时虚拟条件句并没来 if 从句表示出来,而是用介词短语 (otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。

  ⑴、 We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

  ⑵、 Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.

  ⑶、 But for your help, I would not have succeeded.

  有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个:

  1. I could help you. (只有主句 )

  2. If I had time. (只有从句 )

  3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句 )

  4. If he had much more money. (只有从句 )

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